The Bāb's Religious Knowledge
The Bāb copied verses of the Quran, changed a few words then presented them as his own divine revelations. To show this obvious act of prophetic and religious plagiarism we will analyze the first and last page of his book Qayyūm al-asmā’ (commentary on the Sura of Joseph) to provide evidence.[1]
Unfortunately, the manner by which he has joined these verses together has made many of his sentences meaningless or vague and translating some of these words into something that makes any sense at all, is very difficult. Those who have tried to translate these verses have usually altered some parts to make something meaningful out of them.[2]
In the following table, we have shown which parts of the Quran he has used to create the first statements of the first page of the Qayyūm al-Asmā’. The copied sections have been underlined.
Table 1: Quranic source of the Bāb’s words in the first page of the Qayyūm al-Asmā’
The Bab’s Words | The Origins in the Quran |
الحمد لله الذی نزل الکتاب علی عبده بالحق لیکون للعالمین سراجا وهاجا. “All praise is to God who descended the Book unto His servant with truth so that he may be for the worlds a blazing lamp.” | Sections from 3 differente verses have been joined together: “الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذي أَنْزَلَ عَلى عَبْدِهِ الْكِتاب” “All praise is to God who descended the Book unto His servant (Quran 18:1)” “لِيَكُونَ لِلْعالَمينَ” “so that he may be for the worlds (25:1)” “سِراجاً وَهَّاجا” “a blazing lamp (78:13)” |
ان هذا صراط علی عند ربک بالحق قد کان فی ام الکتاب علی الحق القیم مستقیما “This is truly an exalted path with your Lord that has been straight above the Upright Truth in the Mother Book.” | The main verse copied is: “وَ هذا صِراطُ رَبِّكَ مُسْتَقيما” “And this is your Lord’s straight path (6:126)” After copying the verse, he has thrown in a scramble of different quranic words in between the main words that we have underlined. The final result is a vague and to some extent meaningless phrase. |
و انه فی ام الکتاب لدینا لعلی و علی الحق الاکبر قد کان عند الرحمان حکیما. “He is exalted in the Mother Book that is with us and He is above the most great truth and he possessed wisdom in the presence of the Merciful.” | An exact replica of the following verse in which he has placed some fairly meaningless words before the end. “وَ إِنَّهُ في أُمِّ الْكِتابِ لَدَيْنا لَعَلِيٌّ حَكيم” “He is exalted and wise in the Mother Book that is with Us (43:4)” |
و انه الحق من عند الله و علی الدین الخالص قد کان فی ام الکتاب حول الطور مسطورا. “And it is a truth from God and in accordance with the pure religion. It was in the Mother Book inscribed near mount Sinai.” | The first section is made up of these two verses: “إِنَّهُ الْحَقُّ مِنْ رَبِّك” “It is a truth from your Lord (11:17)” “الدِّينُ الْخالِص” “the pure religion (39:3)” The last section is based on the following verse and as usual he has thrown in some extra words and has created another vague meaningless sentenc: “فِي الْكِتابِ مَسْطُوراً” “inscribed in the book (33:6)” |
ان هذا لهو الحق صراط الله فی السموات و الارض. “This is verily the truth, the path of God in the skies and earth.” | Sections from two verses have been joined together. This time he has deleted a few words instead of adding some: “إِنَّ هذا لَهُوَ حَقُّ الْيَقين” “This is verily the certain truth (56:95)” “صِراطِ اللَّهِ الَّذي لَهُ ما فِي السَّماواتِ وَ ما فِي الْأَرْض” “The pathof God who possess what is in the skies and what is in the earth (42:53)” |
فمن شاء اتخذ الی الله بالحق سبیلا “Whoso wishes may take a path to God by the truth.” | Replica of the following verse with a slight distortion: “فَمَنْ شاءَ اتَّخَذَ إِلى رَبِّهِ سَبيلا” “Whoso wishes may take a path to God (76:29)” |
ان هذا لهو الدین القیم و کفی بالله و من عنده علم الکتاب شهیدا “This is verily the upright religion and God and he who posseesses the knowledge of the Book suffice as witnesses.” | The following three verses have been used: “إِنَّ هذا لَهُوَ” “This is verily (56:95)” “ذلِكَ الدِّينُ الْقَيِّم” “that is the upright religion (30:30)” “كَفى بِاللَّهِ شَهيداً بَيْني وَ بَيْنَكُمْ وَ مَنْ عِنْدَهُ عِلْمُ الْكِتاب” “God suffices as a witness between me and you and he who posseesses the knowledge of the Book (13:43)” |
We have underlined the word ḥaqq (meaning truth) in the facsimile. This word has been added to the verses of the Quran nine times in eight lines. As if adding the word truth between his distortions will make them any more true! The same trend is used in all the book. The word truth has also been added five times between the distorted Quranic verses in the six ending lines of the book. We have shown these in bold-face. In the next table the ending sentences of the book have been examined:
The Bab’s Words | The Origins in the Quran |
قل ما اسئلکم من اجر فهو عند الله ربی فی ام الکتاب هذا قد کان بالحق علی الحق موجودا. “Say I do not ask you for a reward, for it is present with my Lord in the Mother Book. This is truly and above truth existant.” | The first section is copied from these two verses: “قُلْ ما أَسْئَلُكُمْ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ أَجْر” “Say I do not ask you for a reward for this (25:57)” “إِنْ أَجْرِيَ إِلاَّ عَلى رَبِّ الْعالَمينَ “ “My reward (will be given) by the Lord of the worlds (26:109)” |
و ان اجری علی الله بالحق علی الحق قد کان فی یوم البدء مقضیا “My reward (will be given to me) by God, with the truth and above the truth. This has been ordained in the Day of Beginning.” | The two verses copied are: “إِنْ أَجْرِيَ إِلاَّ عَلَى اللَّه” “My reward (will only be given to me) by God (34:47)” “كانَ أَمْراً مَقْضِي” “This matter has been ordained (19:21)” |
و ان الله و ملائکته یصلون علی النبی و اله یا ایها الذین امنوا صلوا علیهم کما صلی الله علیهم و علی شیعتهم “God and His angels send blessings on the Prophet and his family. Oh you who believe, send blessings on them like how God sent blessings on them and their followers.” | A copy of this verse with a few distortions added: “إِنَّ اللَّهَ وَ مَلائِكَتَهُ يُصَلُّونَ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ يا أَيُّهَا الَّذينَ آمَنُوا صَلُّوا عَلَيْهِ وَ سَلِّمُوا تَسْليما” “God and His angels send blessings on the Prophet. Oh you who believe, send blessings on him and be very submissive (33:56)” |
و هو الله کان بالحق علی کل شیء شهیدا و هو الله کان بکل شیء محیطا “He is God who is truly witnes to all things and He is God who encompasses all things.” | Copy of these two verses: ” إِنَّ اللَّهَ كانَ عَلى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ شَهيدا “ “verily God is witness to all things (4:33)” ” وَ كانَ اللَّهُ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ مُحيطاً “ “and God encompasses all things (4:126)” |
The same trend is followed more or less throught the book with exact or very similar replicas of whole verses being used in every page. There are multiple ways to convey a message using many different words and their combinations. Why insist on using exact replicas of the Quran and insist they are new revelations?
Now let us read all these phrases side-by-side to see if they make any sense:
All praise is to God who descended the Book unto His servant with truth so that he may be for the worlds a blazing lamp. This is truly an exalted path with your Lord that has been straight above the Upright Truth in the Mother Book. He is exalted in the Mother Book that is with us and He is above the most great truth and he possessed wisdom in the presence of the Merciful. And it is a truth from God and in accordance with the pure religion. It was in the Mother Book inscribed near mount Sinai. This is verily the truth, the path of God in the skies and earth. Whoso wishes may take a path to God by the truth. This is verily the upright religion and God and he who posseesses the knowledge of the Book suffice as witnesses.
Say I do not ask you for a reward, for it is present with my Lord in the Mother Book. This is truly and above truth existant. My reward (will be given to me) by God, with the truth and above the truth. This has been ordained in the Day of Beginning. God and His angels send blessings on the Prophet and his family. Oh you who believe, send blessings on them like how God sent blessings on them and their followers. He is God who is truly witness to all things and He is God who encompasses all things.
These words don’t make much sense and are very similar to Sufi and mystic cult language designed to baffle the reader and create artifical esoteric sesnations in them. The sentences usually do not convey a clear message and when they do, they are out of context and mostly unrelated to each other. The remainig sections of this book are also of this form and contain many grammatical errors that we will not point out to for they are inapropriate for a non-Arabic audience.
Another point that must be mentioned here is the fact that this book (commenatry on the Sura of Joseph) was meant to be a commentary. A commentary is a series of explanatory notes which make clear the meanings of a sentence and remove any ambigiuty therein. What the Bab has done is the exact opposite, not only has he not made the verses of the Sura of Joseph clear, for every verse he has written 2–3 pages of very conflicting and ambigious words that are more baffling than any ambigious verse that one might encounter in the Quran.
Furthermore, anyone who reads this book will frequently encounter the catchphrase “bi l-haqq `ala l-haqq (with the truth above the truth)” which is meaningless even in its original Arabic form.
This is how Baha’is describe the revealing of the aforementioned verses by the Bāb:
He [meaning the Bāb] then proceeded to say: “Now is the time to reveal the commentary on the Sūrih of Joseph.” He took up His pen and with incredible rapidity revealed the entire Sūrih of Mulk, the first chapter of His commentary on the Sūrih of Joseph. The overpowering effect of the manner in which He wrote was heightened by the gentle intonation of His voice which accompanied His writing. Not for one moment did He interrupt the flow of the verses which streamed from His pen. Not once did He pause till the Sūrih of Mulk was finished. I sat enraptured by the magic of His voice and the sweeping force of His revelation.[3]
Pay attention to the description: incredible rapidity, overpowering effect, gentle intonation, not once did he pause, magic, and force of revelation. This is how Baha’is portray the revelation of these ambiguous words to make their audience believe they are divine inspirations and guidance brought from God. Not once do they tell their followers that most of these words are sections copied from the Quran, are a clear act of plagiarism, and most other sentences in this book are meaningless. Here is another sample:
within the space of forty-eight hours, verses had streamed that equalled in number those of the Qur’ān, which it took its Author twenty-three years to reveal[4]
Since when did the sheer amount of sentences written down in a short time become a criterion for the truth? And when did Muḥammad become the author of the Quran? It is only in the Bābī and Baha’i creeds that a prophet writes down his own revelations and is the author of the Book of God.
Furthermore, according to Shia Islamic beliefs that Baha’u’llah believed in, the Quran was revealed upon the Prophet of Islam’s heart all at once at the beginning of his proclamation but it was announced to the people in a form known as progressive revelation so that they would gradually become acquainted with its laws. Claiming that it took twenty years to reveal the Quran whilst the same was revealed by the Bab in 48 hours is a baseless claim made by Shoghi which shows the amount of knowledge he possesed. This statement serves no purpose but to degrade Islam and try to show a superior Bāb.
[1] The Bāb. Qayyūm al-Asmā’ (commentary on the Surah of Joseph). n.p.: n.p.,n.d. http://www.bayanic.com/showPict.php?id=ahsan&ref=0&err=0&curr=0
[2] For instance see Selections from the writings of the Bab, pp. 38–41and Stephen Lambden’s translation at http://www.hurqalya.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/03-THE%20BAB/QAYYUM%20AL-ASMA%27/Q-ASMA.001.htm
[3] Nabīl Zarandī, The Dawn-Breakers: Nabīl’s Narrative of the Early Days of the Bahā’ī Revelation, p. 61.
[4] Shoghi Effendi, God Passes By, p. 10.